builtin/commit-graph.c: introduce split strategy 'replace'

When using split commit-graphs, it is sometimes useful to completely
replace the commit-graph chain with a new base.

For example, consider a scenario in which a repository builds a new
commit-graph incremental for each push. Occasionally (say, after some
fixed number of pushes), they may wish to rebuild the commit-graph chain
with all reachable commits.

They can do so with

  $ git commit-graph write --reachable

but this removes the chain entirely and replaces it with a single
commit-graph in 'objects/info/commit-graph'. Unfortunately, this means
that the next push will have to move this commit-graph into the first
layer of a new chain, and then write its new commits on top.

Avoid such copying entirely by allowing the caller to specify that they
wish to replace the entirety of their commit-graph chain, while also
specifying that the new commit-graph should become the basis of a fresh,
length-one chain.

This addresses the above situation by making it possible for the caller
to instead write:

  $ git commit-graph write --reachable --split=replace

which writes a new length-one chain to 'objects/info/commit-graphs',
making the commit-graph incremental generated by the subsequent push
relatively cheap by avoiding the aforementioned copy.

In order to do this, remove an assumption in 'write_commit_graph_file'
that chains are always at least two incrementals long.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

commit-graph.h

@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ enum commit_graph_write_flags {
 
 enum commit_graph_split_flags {
 	COMMIT_GRAPH_SPLIT_UNSPECIFIED      = 0,
-	COMMIT_GRAPH_SPLIT_MERGE_PROHIBITED = 1
+	COMMIT_GRAPH_SPLIT_MERGE_PROHIBITED = 1,
+	COMMIT_GRAPH_SPLIT_REPLACE          = 2
 };
 
 struct split_commit_graph_opts {