midx: implement writing incremental MIDX bitmaps

Now that the pack-bitmap machinery has learned how to read and interact
with an incremental MIDX bitmap, teach the pack-bitmap-write.c machinery
(and relevant callers from within the MIDX machinery) to write such
bitmaps.

The details for doing so are mostly straightforward. The main changes
are as follows:

  - find_object_pos() now makes use of an extra MIDX parameter which is
    used to locate the bit positions of objects which are from previous
    layers (and thus do not exist in the current layer's pack_order
    field).

    (Note also that the pack_order field is moved into struct
    write_midx_context to further simplify the callers for
    write_midx_bitmap()).

  - bitmap_writer_build_type_index() first determines how many objects
    precede the current bitmap layer and offsets the bits it sets in
    each respective type-level bitmap by that amount so they can be OR'd
    together.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Acked-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

pack-bitmap.h

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ struct bitmap_writer {
 
 	kh_oid_map_t *bitmaps;
 	struct packing_data *to_pack;
+	struct multi_pack_index *midx; /* if appending to a MIDX chain */
 
 	struct bitmapped_commit *selected;
 	unsigned int selected_nr, selected_alloc;
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ struct bitmap_writer {
 };
 
 void bitmap_writer_init(struct bitmap_writer *writer, struct repository *r,
-			struct packing_data *pdata);
+			struct packing_data *pdata,
+			struct multi_pack_index *midx);
 void bitmap_writer_show_progress(struct bitmap_writer *writer, int show);
 void bitmap_writer_set_checksum(struct bitmap_writer *writer,
 				const unsigned char *sha1);